Buffer tables exist as a legacy alternative. Their unique advantage is that data is queryable while still in the buffer, before flush to the destination table. However, Buffer tables have significant drawbacks: they are not replicated, are not compatible with FINAL or SAMPLE, and can lose data on abnormal server restarts. In ClickHouse Cloud with SharedMergeTree, each node maintains independent buffer state, adding further complexity. For nearly all use cases, async inserts are the recommended approach. Buffer tables should only be considered in rare scenarios where querying in-buffer data before flush is a hard requirement.
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